The qu'ran surah 38 does say He sinned,however muslims,and the qu'ran are silent on what this sin could have been.some Critics say because David stole another man's Wife,and muhammad did the Same with
1.Zaynab bint Jahsh(the Wife of his Adopted son).
2.Safiyyah bint huyyay(The wife of a Rabbi He Killed).
therefore,he did not ''detail''what this sin was.
I however Agree David did not commit Adultery.
David Was a Great Prophet.'
in Psalms 109:22 David Says:
כב כִּי-עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן אָנֹכִי; וְלִבִּי, חָלַל בְּקִרְבִּי. 22 For I am poor and needy, and my heart is wounded within me.
According to the Talmud Bathsheba was not Married .It Was a custom Back Then that the Warriors Would divorce their Wives ,So if They died,the women would not be Agunot.
they were Free to Remarry if the male Came Back Safe.
2 Samuel Chapter 11 שְׁמוּאֵל ב
ה וַתַּהַר, הָאִשָּׁה; וַתִּשְׁלַח וַתַּגֵּד לְדָוִד, וַתֹּאמֶר הָרָה אָנֹכִי. 5 And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, and said: 'I am with child.
This Passage Proves-
1.David Sent Messengers to Inquire After Bathsheba ,would a Adulterer Send Messengers to his lover?
2.He Waited Until she Was Purified ,until He go Into her.would he Be concerned About her Taharah-status if he Were doing Adultery?
According to The Talmud,Uriah Was guilty of Treason.He Adressed Joab the Commander,As ''My Lord''Wich in the Presence of the King is Treason.
2 Samuel 11:11
יא וַיֹּאמֶר אוּרִיָּה אֶל-דָּוִד, הָאָרוֹן וְיִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוּדָה יֹשְׁבִים בַּסֻּכּוֹת וַאדֹנִי יוֹאָב וְעַבְדֵי אֲדֹנִי עַל-פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה חֹנִים, וַאֲנִי אָבוֹא אֶל-בֵּיתִי לֶאֱכֹל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת, וְלִשְׁכַּב עִם-אִשְׁתִּי; חַיֶּךָ וְחֵי נַפְשֶׁךָ, אִם-אֶעֱשֶׂה אֶת-הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה. 11 And Uriah said unto David: 'The ark, and Israel, and Judah, abide in booths; and my lord Joab, and the servants of my lord, are encamped in the open field; shall I then go into my house, to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife? as thou livest, and as thy soul liveth, I will not do this thing.'
By Uriah Saying:''[ חַיֶּךָ וְחֵי] ''Haya-cha wa Hayi''By your life and My life''it Indicates He Disrespected the King.
Because the word Hay(life)is always Spelled with Two Yods After the Heth(ح).
when in this Verse,it is spelled with One.Indicating Uriah Thought of David's Life As Worth less.
According to the torah this is a Evil Crime,As G-d says:
Devarim chapter 17:
טו שׂוֹם תָּשִׂים עָלֶיךָ מֶלֶךְ, אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בּוֹ: מִקֶּרֶב אַחֶיךָ, תָּשִׂים עָלֶיךָ מֶלֶךְ--לֹא תוּכַל לָתֵת עָלֶיךָ אִישׁ נָכְרִי, אֲשֶׁר לֹא-אָחִיךָ הוּא. 15 thou shalt in any wise set him king over thee, whom the LORD thy God shall choose; one from among thy brethren shalt thou set king over thee; thou mayest not put a foreigner over thee, who is not thy brother.
The Talmud(Kiddushin 32b)Notes that the words:שׂוֹם תָּשִׂים עָלֶיךָ מֶלֶךְ, אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בּוֹ
''Som Tesim A'leycha Melech Asher Yevehar Adhonay EloheyCHa Bo''
''thou shalt in any wise set him king over thee, whom the LORD thy God shall choose;''
Comes From the Same root as Aymah(Fear).
Meaning the most Important Thing to do to a king,is Fear Him.
According to Jewish Law:''one who signals to another person while in the presence of a king is punished with death''Because the king is the Representative of The Lord almighty.
we must Treat him the Same Way We would Treat the monarch of Monarchs,our Father in Heaven.
so therefore David Sent Uriah to die on the Frontlines.
As for David Percieving Bathsheba as ''Extremely beautifull''.Bathsheba was Bathing in a Mikvah,wich is always closed with windows.
The ''Beauty'' He Sensed was Completely spiritual.
He-Thru Prophetic Knowledge-Knew this was the mother of the son of David.
David Summoned Uriah The hittite To go to his wife,Because he Was Expecting him to Say ''your Majesty i am divorced From Bathsheba''.But instead he Insulted the king.
So Why did Nathan Punish him?
David Knew Bathsheba was Destined to Be his Wife.however his Shortcoming was that instead of Waiting,he took the Matters into his Own Hands.
This was not Befitting for a Man of His Level.
So he was Corrected for this Mistake.
2 Samuel 12:
מַדּוּעַ בָּזִיתָ אֶת-דְּבַר יְהוָה, לַעֲשׂוֹת הָרַע בעינו (בְּעֵינַי), אֵת אוּרִיָּה הַחִתִּי הִכִּיתָ בַחֶרֶב, וְאֶת-אִשְׁתּוֹ לָקַחְתָּ לְּךָ לְאִשָּׁה; וְאֹתוֹ הָרַגְתָּ, בְּחֶרֶב בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן. 9 Wherefore hast thou despised the word of the LORD, to do that which is evil in My sight? Uriah the Hittite thou hast smitten with the sword, and his wife thou hast taken to be thy wife, and him thou hast slain with the sword of the children of Ammon.
1.the Verse doesn't Say He Despised the word of the lord thru Murdering Uriah or doing Adultery.
2.It doesn't Say He didn't Execute Uriah in a Torah Manner.
3.David had a shortcoming because it would have been Better for him to send Uriah to the Sanhedrin(Judges) To get killed,but instead He let the enemies of the jews kill him,thereby Increasing their Pride and Praising To their False god for killing a Jew,however Technically He did no sin,he only could have done it Better.
This is the Perspective of Our Rabbis,the pharisees-May God bless Them.
anyone can see if this Commentary ''works''for them or not.